A consensus conference on cardio-renal syndromes (CRS) was held in Venice Italy, in September 2008 under the auspices of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI). The following topics were matter of discussion after a systematic literature review and the appraisal of the best available evidence: definition/classification system; epidemiology; diagnostic criteria and biomarkers; prevention/protection strategies; management and therapy. The umbrella term CRS was used to identify a disorder of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction in the other organ. Different syndromes were identified and classified into five subtypes. Acute CRS (type 1): acute worsening of heart function (AHF–ACS) leading to kidney injury and/or dysfunction.
Chronic cardio-renal syndrome (type 2): chronic abnormalities in heart function (CHF-CHD) leading to kidney injury and/or dysfunction. Acute reno-cardiac syndrome (type 3): acute worsening of kidney function (AKI) leading to heart injury and/or dysfunction. Chronic reno-cardiac syndrome (type 4): chronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease, and/or dysfunction. Secondary CRS (type 5): systemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury and/or dysfunction of heart and kidney. Consensus statements concerning epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management strategies are discussed in the paper for each of the syndromes.
梨状肌综合征终于好了 2010年ADQI心肾综合征倡议诊治指南
精彩推荐
- 高考后学车潮来临!智能SUV问界新M5 Ultra成年轻人购车优选
当高考的最后一场铃声响起,准大学生们在考场外迎来了另一场 成人礼 每年暑期如期而至的 学车热潮。对刚满 18 岁的年轻人而言,考取驾照不仅是解锁驾驶技能,更是迈向独立...详细
- 颜值与实力并存!问界新M5 Ultra成粤港澳车展焦点
2025粤港澳大湾区车展如火如荼进行中,汽车圈再次迎来高光时刻。车展首日余承东便亲临鸿蒙智行展台,与知名主持人汪涵惊喜合体开启直播,瞬间引爆全网关注。鸿蒙智行展台成...详细
- 年轻人的第一台智能SUV该怎么选?问界新M5 Ultra给出了满分答案
在20万级SUV市场中,年轻人选车的标准正变得越来越多元既要颜值在线,又要驾驶带感,还得智能便捷。而问界新M5 Ultra,恰好完美契合这些需求。它不仅以出众的外观配色吸引...详细
- 闪耀2025KBC | 惠达“深盾”黑科技,引领健康卫浴新潮流
当健康成为生活方式的底色,卫浴空间也逐步从功能载体升华为家庭健康生活的核心场域。5月27日,29届中国(上海)国际厨房、卫浴设施展览会(以下简称厨卫展)在上海新国际...详细
本周热门
- 同仁堂健康双十一活动开启 “象食养医”倡导从健康的时候就关注健康
如果你想了解自己身体的秘密,让健康成为日常的生活方式,保持年轻的状态,实现抗衰老,逆生长的美好愿望,那么今年双十一的这场活动你一定不要错过。11月1日,同仁堂健康...详细